Experiment Details - Experimentium

Experiment of Caffeine Extraction Details

VIDEO LINKS:

Experimental Protocol

Chemical Table

(Representation) Prepare your chemical table including the materials you will use in the experiment.  Here is a general template that you may use.

<table width="743">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="83">Chemical Name</td>
<td width="84">Chemical Formula</td>
<td width="84">Structural Formula</td>
<td width="72">Molar Mass (g/mol)</td>
<td width="156">Hazards</td>
<td width="138">Reference</td>
<td width="126">Precautionary Statements</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="83">Acetone</td>
<td width="84">C3H6O</td>
<td width="84"></td>
<td width="72">58.08</td>
<td width="156">Flammable liquid, eye damage, target organ toxicity (central nervous system, kidney, liver, spleen, blood)</td>
<td width="138"><a href="https://www.fishersci.com/msds?productName=AC177170100&amp;productDescription=ACETO">fishersci</a></td>
<td width="126">Use in fume hood;

Keep away form heat/sparks/open flames.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="83"></td>
<td width="84"></td>
<td width="84"></td>
<td width="72"></td>
<td width="156"></td>
<td width="138"></td>
<td width="126"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="83"></td>
<td width="84"></td>
<td width="84"></td>
<td width="72"></td>
<td width="156"></td>
<td width="138"></td>
<td width="126"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="83"></td>
<td width="84"> </td>
<td width="84"> </td>
<td width="72"> </td>
<td width="156"> </td>
<td width="138"> </td>
<td width="126"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="83"></td>
<td width="84"> </td>
<td width="84"> </td>
<td width="72"> </td>
<td width="156"> </td>
<td width="138"> </td>
<td width="126"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="83"></td>
<td width="84"> </td>
<td width="84"> </td>
<td width="72"> </td>
<td width="156"> </td>
<td width="138"> </td>
<td width="126"> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Equipment Table

Data Collection

Data Processing

<ol>
 	<li>(Representation) Draw the structure of caffeine at low pH (~3) and at higher pH (~8).</li>
 	<li>(Analysis) State which of the two structures is less water soluble.</li>
 	<li>(Manipulation) Use your TLC plate to calculate the retention factor (Rf) values of each spot.</li>
 	<li>(Interpretation) Describe your TLC plate and evaluate the purity of your caffeine extract based on your observation.</li>
 	<li>(Assumptions) Find the amount of caffeine in your 5-hour energy drink on the label. Perform calculations, if needed based on serving size.</li>
 	<li>(Manipulation) Calculate your percent recovery using the assumed value calculated above.</li>
 	<li>(Existing knowledge, research, and views) Find the solubility of caffeine in water and in ethyl acetate. (include references)</li>
 	<li>(Manipulation) Calculate the partition coefficient.</li>
 	<li>(Manipulation) Based on the partition coefficient and the procedure you followed, calculate the maximum percent recovery that could have been obtained.</li>
 	<li>(Assumptions)</li>
</ol>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="212">Assumptions made</td>
<td width="192">Testing the assumption</td>
<td width="219">If assumptions are wrong ...</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="212">The samples were pure</td>
<td width="192">Recrystallize</td>
<td width="219">Melting point will change after recrystallization</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="212"></td>
<td width="192"></td>
<td width="219"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Discussion

Write a minimum one-page (12 font, single spaced) discussion on the experiment conducted this week. Address at least one question in each category as fully as possible integrating the collected data, providing explanations for the observed trends, and evaluating whether your original assumptions about the experiment were validated by the results. The assignment will be graded on completeness, clarity of the explanations and the meaningful integration of the collected and calculated data. Correct grammar and appropriate format for the chemical formulae and chemical reactions is expected. You may use the outline included at the end of this document on how to build your essay to address each category.
<ol>
 	<li>(Existing knowledge, research, and views) In addition to the caffeine and artificial flavor, the energy drink is also reported to contain many other ingredients. Look up the chemical structure of each ingredient and give a supported argument as to why none were extracted into the organic layer.</li>
 	<li>(Analysis) Define partition coefficient. Provide at least one argument for having a large vs a small partition coefficient in an extraction.</li>
 	<li>(Analysis) Provide at least two arguments for desired properties in a good extraction solvent.</li>
 	<li>(Analysis) An organic compound with a pKa of 11 is only very slightly soluble in water. Predict the type of change in its solubility if water is replaced by a sodium bicarbonate solution (pH ~ 8-9) or a dilute acid solution (pH ~4-5). Justify your prediction.</li>
 	<li>(Analysis) An organic compound with a pKa of 5.5 is only very slightly soluble in water. Predict the type of change in its solubility if water is replaced by a sodium bicarbonate solution (pH ~ 8-9) or a dilute acid solution (pH ~4-5). Justify your prediction.</li>
 	<li>(Existing knowledge, research, and views) Identify at least one industrial method used to extract caffeine from coffee beans. Contrast your method vs. the industrial method and provide at least supported arguments for the advantages and disadvantages of each method.</li>
 	<li>(Acquiring competencies) Propose at least one more method by which you could test the purity of the extracted caffeine. Provide a brief description of what the expected result of the method should be.</li>
 	<li>(Analysis) Comment on the effectiveness of your caffeine extraction method and provide at least 2 reasons why your obtained amount of caffeine is different from the amount you expected based on the label on the container.</li>
 	<li>(Experiment Design) Describe how a mixture of benzoic acid (pKa17), 2-naphthol (pKa 9.5), and naphthalene (neutral) could be separated using a combination of extraction and pH adjustments.</li>
 	<li>(Analysis) Provide a supported argument for using a drying agent in the extraction. Predict what would happen without a drying agent.</li>
</ol>