Synthesis of 2 Inorganic Complexes

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VIDEO LINKS:

Lab Experiments (Write protocols and perform experiments based on these):

  1. Synthesis of tetramminecopper(II) sulfate
  2. Synthesis of hexamminenickel(II) chloride
   

Data analysis and calculations (Use these if you need help with your data and calculations)6

  1. Simple Stoichiometry
  2. Percent yield

The prelab must include Experimental Protocol, Chemical Table and Equipment Table.

The lab report requires all sections (including prelab sections) to be completed in one document.

Experimental Protocol

(Analysis) Watch the experiment videos.  Take notes on the protocol.  Stop the video and re-watch as necessary to acquire the details of the procedure.  Write out the protocol for each part of the experiment.  (It can be written in sequential steps.  Complete sentences are not necessary.)  This is the protocol you will follow, so be detailed.

Chemical Table

(Representation) Prepare your chemical table including the materials you will use in the experiment.  Here is a general template that you may use.  
Chemical Name Chemical Formula Molar Mass (g/mol) Hazards Reference PPE
Sodium Chloride NaCl 58.5 Skin irritation https://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/21105.htm  
           
           

Equipment Table

(Analysis) Identify the equipment (type AND size) needed for the experiment and include the name and an image of each.  Be sure to describe the equipment, how to use it, and why it is suitable for this use.
Equipment Name Equipment Picture Intended Purpose

Data Collection

(Acquiring competencies) Following your detailed protocol based on the videos, perform all the experiments. Record your observations and take pictures of your key steps in the process.  Your observations and images need to be incorporated in your data section and this section should be as detailed as possible as you will use this information to complete your discussion.

Data Processing

  1. (Representation) Write the chemical equation for the decomposition reaction of CuSO₄·5H₂O.
  2. (Manipulation) Using the weights of the anhydrous CuSO4, determine the number of moles of CuSO4.
  3. (Manipulation) Using the difference in mass between the CuSO₄·5H₂O. and the anhydrous CuSO4, determine the mass and the moles of water removed.
  4. (Manipulation) Using the moles of the anhydrous CuSO4 and the moles of water removed, determine the expected number of waters of hydration for each formula unit of CuSO4.
  5. (Representation) Write the chemical equation for the decomposition reaction of NiCl26H2O.
  6. (Manipulation) Using the weights of the anhydrous NiCl2, determine the number of moles of NiCl2.
  7. (Manipulation) Using the difference in mass between the NiCl26H2O and the anhydrous NiCl2, determine the mass and the moles of water removed.
  8. (Manipulation) Using the moles of the anhydrous NiCl2 and the moles of water removed, determine the expected number of waters of hydration for each formula unit of NiCl2.
  9. (Representation) Write the balanced molecular equation for the reaction of the CuSO4 with ammonia to form tetramminecopper(II) sulfate.
  10. (Representation) Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of the CuSO4 with ammonia to form tetramminecopper(II) sulfate.
  11. (Interpretation) Describe the net ionic equation between CuSO4 with ammonia to form tetramminecopper(II) sulfate on the macroscopic and microscopic scale.
  12. (Manipulation) Calculate the moles of CuSO₄·5H₂O. in the solution from the test tube.
  13. (Manipulation) Calculate the moles of Cu2+ in the solution.
  14. (Manipulation) Calculate the moles of ammonia added to the CuSO4
  15. (Manipulation) Determine the mole ratio of CuSO4 and NH3 used in the experiment.
  16. (Manipulation) Calculate the percent yield for the reaction between CuSO4 and NH3 in the experiment.
  17. (Representation) Write the balanced molecular equation for the reaction of the NiCl2 with ammonia to form hexamminenickel(II) chloride.
  18. (Representation) Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction of the NiCl2 with ammonia to form hexamminenickel(II) chloride.
  19. (Interpretation) Describe the net ionic equation between NiCl2 with ammonia to form hexamminenickel(II) chloride on the macroscopic and microscopic scale.
  20. (Manipulation) Calculate the moles of NiCl26H2O in the solution from the test tube.
  21. (Manipulation) Calculate the moles of Ni2+ in the solution.
  22. (Manipulation) Calculate the moles of ammonia added to the NiCl2
  23. (Manipulation) Determine the mole ratio of NiCl2 and NH3 used in the experiment.
  24. (Manipulation) Calculate the percent yield for the reaction between NiCl2 and NH3 in the experiment.
  25.  (Representation) Collect the data from the other groups in the class and organize it in the following tables.
Group Mass of CuSO4•5H2O (g) Mass of [Cu(NH3)4]SO4 (g) % yield for [Cu(NH3)4]SO4
 
Group Mass of NiCl2•6H2O (g) Mass of [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 (g) % yield for [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2
  1. Assumptions and Analysis) Fill in the following table using the observations and data from your experiments.
Assumptions made… Testing the assumption If assumptions are wrong ...
The Ni2+ reacts with ammonia Combine the Ni2+ with ammonia No change will be observed
 

Discussion

Write a minimum one-page (12 font, single spaced) discussion on the experiment conducted this week. Address at least one question in each category as fully as possible integrating the collected data, providing explanations for the observed trends, and evaluating whether your original assumptions about the experiment were validated by the results. The assignment will be graded on completeness, clarity of the explanations and the meaningful integration of the collected and calculated data. Correct grammar and appropriate format for the chemical formulae and chemical reactions is expected.
  1. (Existing knowledge, research and views) Correctly name and classify all the compounds in the experiment.
  2. (Existing knowledge, research and views) Define ligands.
  3. (Existing knowledge, research and views) Define complex ions.
  4. (Existing knowledge, research and views) Identify the type of bond formed between a ligand and the central metal ion.
  5. (Existing knowledge, research and views) Predict the shape of the complex ion.
  6. (Existing knowledge, research and views) Identify the Lewis acids and the Lewis bases in these reactions. Justify your choices.
  7. (Acquiring competencies) Describe the correct method for performing a Buchner filtration.
  8. (Acquiring competencies) Describe at least two ways in which the Buchner filtration is different from the gravity filtration.
  9. (Acquiring competencies) Describe at least two ways in which the Buchner filtration is similar to gravity filtration.
  10. (Acquiring competencies) Describe the purpose of each of the main steps in the synthesis.
  11. (Analysis) Provide at least one argument for immersing your metal salt solutions in a hot bath before the concentrated ammonia addition.
  12. (Analysis) Provide at least one argument for using concentrated ammonia for these reactions.
  13. (Analysis) Provide at least one argument for why it is necessary to add more concentrated ammonia to the NiCl2 solution compared to the CuSO4
  14. (Analysis) Provide at least one argument for placing the test tubes in the ice bath before filtration.
  15. (Analysis) Provide at least one argument for washing the complexes with cold ethanol and not water during filtration.
  16. (Analysis) Provide at least one argument for washing the [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 complex with cold conc. ammonia.
  17. (Existing knowledge, research and views) Provide at least 3 characteristics of a crystalline compound.
  18. (Analysis) Are any of your coordination compounds crystalline? Provide a supported argument for your choice.
  19. (Analysis) Define limiting reactant. Identify the limiting reactant in the reactions of the metal salts with ammonia.
  20. (Representation) Provide the mathematical expression for the Ksp for CuSO4.
  21. (Interpretation) Describe the meaning of Ksp for CuSO4.
  22. (Analysis) Describe how the Ksp for NiCl2 would be different from the Ksp of CuSO4.
  23. (Representation) Provide the mathematical expression for the Kf for [Cu(NH3)4]SO4.
  24. (Interpretation) Describe the meaning of Kf for [Cu(NH3)4]SO4.
  25. (Analysis) Describe how the Kf for [Cu(NH3)4]2+ would be different from the Kf of [Ni(NH3)6]2+.
  26. (Existing knowledge, research and views) Look up and provide the Kf values for [Cu(NH3)4]2+ and [Ni(NH3)6]2+.
  27. (Assumptions) Describe at least one assumption you can make about the relationship between the Kf of the coordination complexes and the reaction yield.